Telugu Guninthalu

Telugu Guninthalu (తెలుగు గుణింతాలు) are the combined syllable letters of Telugu — formed by joining a consonant (హల్లు) with a vowel (అచ్చు). The word "Guninthalu" literally refers to the syllabic alphabet used in Telugu grammar.

Traditional Telugu grammar recognises 35 consonants combined with 13 vowel forms to produce 490 syllables. These syllables form the core building blocks of every Telugu word.

This chart contains 490 syllables — 35 consonants combined with 14 vowel forms each (13 vowels + 1 pure consonant form with virama ్).

The 14 vowel columns are: అ, ఆ, ఇ, ఈ, ఉ, ఊ, ఋ, ఎ, ఏ, ఐ, ఒ, ఓ, ఔ and the pure consonant form (virama ్) which removes the inherent vowel sound.

Telugu letters are classified into groups: Achchulu (అచ్చులు) are the 16 pure vowel letters; Hallulu (హల్లులు) are the 35 pure consonant letters; and Guninthalu (గుణింతాలు) are the combined syllable letters formed when a consonant merges with a vowel sign (మాత్ర).

Together, Achchulu + Hallulu + Guninthalu make up the complete Telugu alphabet — a system that covers every possible syllable in the Telugu language.

Telugu vowel signs (మాత్రలు / mātralu) are diacritics that attach to a consonant to change its vowel sound. For example, adding ా (aa) to క (ka) produces కా (kaa).

All vowel signs in Telugu attach after the consonant in Unicode. Signs like ా (aa) appear visually after; others like ె (e) and ే (ee) appear visually before the consonant in print. Split signs like ొ (o) and ో (oo) wrap around both sides of the consonant.

The virama (్) is the Telugu vowel-cancelling mark. It is placed after a consonant to remove the inherent vowel sound, producing a pure consonant — for example, క (ka) becomes క్ (k) with a virama.

The last column of every row in this chart shows the pure consonant form with virama. This is also how conjunct consonants are formed in Telugu — by combining a virama consonant with the next consonant.

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